Senenmut

last update: 16.02.2008

Titles

As already described in "Career and Fall (?)", Senenmut had "collected" numerous titles and offices. These are testified on his monuments and - with a few exceptions -  each title was repeatedly found on several of his monuments. However, the accumulation of title does not mean under any circumstances that he exercised all associated offices at the same time. It is to be assumed that he held several offices at the same time, but that also he resigned from less important offices in the course of his career.

The fact however that he recorded also less important  and titles on his monuments, can be interpreted only going by the fact that the old Egyptians obviously "did not suffer" from a false modesty. In contrast, they were quite proud about their career -  that is acknowledged by a look into contemporary tombs. It is also remarkable, that Senenmut - and some his contemporaries who had been active during the reign of Hatshepsut - mentioned as the only title of their fathers the title "Honorable" (zAb) thereby documenting their common origin (see also Persons).


Among the numerous administrative titles of the 18. Dynasty, as far as they refer to the temple administration, several groups of titles can be formed within "House of Amun" ("pr Imn"). According to Eichler (2000) the following groups of titles can be differentiated in the temple administration:
- direction of the domain
- granary
- administration of the estates
- administration of the cattle
- food producing (Sno) workshops
- treasury
- architecture and
- workshops.

Of course, Senenmut had collected titles from all these administrations.

The following additions to some titles are to be considered:

- n Jmn = "of Amun"       oder       - n pr Imn = "of the House (Temple) of Amun"

These indicate that the official holding this title has been a member of the administration of the temple of Amun at Karnak or of a temple attached to the temple at Karnak. Occasionally, some officials have omitted these title additions due to a lack of space on their monuments or due to other reasons, this could also be the case on the monuments of Senenmut.

- "wr", some titles differ only by this addition, which has the meaning "Great" or "Upper", "Chief" e.g. in
"jmj-rA pr" = Steward, Chief Officer, Head, Superintendent, Director and
"jmj-rA pr wr"  = Great Steward or Chief Steward, etc.

Furthermore, the use of the same title "jmj-rA pr" for the head of a temple domain and the royal household indicates, that the administration of the temple and the household of the king had a comparable hierarchic structure.


At this point it is difficult to curb one's enthusiasm about the most important development in the old Egypt - the organization of the society and the invention of the administration. 
Despite all aversions against the tax office, the "Steward of the Treasury" nevertheless resembles quite well a German title "Steuerrat" - or with the addition "wr", the "Obersteuerrat" - and in England the treasury is still called "Treasury" and the minister is called "Lord of the Treasury". 
However, also the assumption intrudes into one's mind that an "amassment of offices" is not a modern invention.

The following table contains a survey of Senenmut's titles. The specification, on which of his monuments this title is testified, is based on Dorman (1988). Regarding the way of writing of the titles I have preferred the writing of Eichler (2000) over that of Dorman. In the case that a title is testified several times, I usually have mentioned only once source or only those that had already discussed here (the monuments, which are dated into the time, before Hatshepsut has taken the full titles of Pharao, are printed bold).

The English titles were kindly provided by Mrs. M. Schmoldt.


Title (in circumscription) Office testified at
jmj-rA AHwt Jmn

overseer of the fields (estate) of Amun; land superintendent of the fields of Amen

tomb seal
jmj-rA oxnwtj herald, chancellor or chef de protocol TT353, Chapel Silsila
jmj-rA oxnwtj n Jmn herald, chancellor or chef de protocol of Amun JdE 47278
jmj-rA ob wHmt overseer of the cattle name stone
jmj-rA oHwt n Jmn overseer of the estates of Amun
land superintendent of Amun
TT353, Sarcophagus
jmj-rA oHwt n Jmn m Mn-st overseer of the estates of Amen in Menset CG 42114
jmj-rA boHt n ///   Sarcophagus
jmj-rA pr chief of the House, steward, majordomo    TT353, TT71, Sarcophagus
jmj-rA pr n Jmn chief of the house of Amun relief about expedition to Punt , TT353, TT71, Sarcophagus
jmj-rA pr n Jmn-wsr-HAt chief of the house, steward or majordomo of the sacred bark of Amun (named Userhat-Amun) CG 42117
jmj-rA pr n nbt-tAwj chief of ?? CG 42116
jmj-rA pr n nsw chief of the house, steward, majordomo of the king (Thutmosis III. ?) TT353
jmj-rA pr n Hmt-nTr "At-Spswt chief of the house, steward, majordomo of God's Wife, Hatshepsut tomb seal
jmj-rA pr n sAt-nsw custodian of the King's Daughter BM 174
jmj-rA pr n sAt-nsw Nfrw-ro' custodian of the King's Daughter, Neferu-Ra BM 174, tomb seal
jmj-rA pr oHAw chief of the weapons (of the arsenal) TT353
jmj-rA pr wr chief steward TT353, TT71, Chapel Silsila, Sarcophagus
mj-rA pr wr n Jmn chief steward of the estate of Amun, chief land superintendent of Amun TT353, TT71
jmj-rA pr wr n nbt tAwj superior steward of the Lady of the Two Lands Statue Sheikh Labib
jmj-rA pr wr n nsw (nsw = njswt) superior majordomo, chief steward of the King (Thutmosis III. ?) TT353
jmj-rA pr wr n Hmt-nTr superior steward of God's Wife Chapel Silsila
jmj-rA pr wr n sAt-nsw Nfrw-ro superior steward, superior majordomo of the King's Daughter, Neferu-Ra Sehel Grafitto, Chapel Silsila, BM 174, BM 1513 
jmj-rA prwj-nbw overseer of the Double Gold House, overseer of the gold foundry TT353
jmj-rA prwj-HD overseer of the Treasury TT353
jmj-rA prwj-HD prwj-nbw overseer of the Gold and Silver Foundry TT353, BM 174
jmj-rA pr dwAt overseer of «The Chamber of the Other World» TT353
jmj-rA mnmnt overseer of the cattle name stone
jmj-rA mnmnt n Jmn overseer of the cattle of Amun TT353, Sarcophagus
jmj-rA mnmnt n Jmn m Jpt-swt overseer  of the cattle of Amun at Karnak (Ipet-isut) CG 42114
jmj-rA nfrwt n Jmn

overseer of the Beauties of Amun or
overseer of the Young Cows of Amun

TT353
jmj-rA Hwwt nt   TT353, Sarcophagus
jmj-rA Hmw-nTr n Jmn inspector of the servants of Amun name stone
jmj-rA Hmw-nTr n MnTw m Jwnj inspector of the servants of Month at Iuni (Armant) TT353, BM 174, Sarcophagus
jmj-rA HnQwt nsw   TT353, Sarcophagus
jmj-rA Xntjw-S n Jmn

overseer (chief) of an official or person employed on garden land or in irrigation

TT353
jmj-rA xkrw nsw overseer (chief) of the jewellery and decoration of the King TT353
jmj-rA swt sQbb   TT353
jmj-rA sDAwt overseer (chief) of the seal bearers TT353, BM 174
jmj-rA sDAwt nb<t> overseer (chief) of the seal bearers ?? TT353
jmj-rA Snwtj overseer (chief) of the magazines TT353
jmj-rA Snwtj n Jmn overseer (chief) of the magazines (administration of the granaries at Karnak) TT353, TT71, Chapel Silsila, BM 1513,
Louvre E 11057
jmj-rA Snwtj n Jmn m nwt rsjt overseer (chief) of the magazines des Amun  CG 42114
jmj-rA Snwtj n Jmn-wsr-HAt overseer (chief) of the magazines des Userhat-Amun CG 42117
jmj-rA kAt n Jmn overseer (chief) of public work of Amun TT353, TT71
jmj-rA kAt n Jmn Esr-Dsrw overseer (chief) of public work of Amun at Djeser djeseru TT353
jmj-rA kAt n Mwt m JSrw overseer (chief) of public work of "Mut at Ischeru" (Temple of Mut at Karnak) Brooklyn 67.68
jmj-rA kAt nbt njswt overseer (chief) of public work of the kings TT71
jmj-rA kAt nbt nt Jmn overseer (chief) of all public work of Amun Brooklyn 67.68
jmj-rA kAt nbt nt nsw overseer (chief) of all public work of the king TT353, BM 174, BM 1513
jmj-rA kAt nbt nt nsw m pr-Jmn overseer (chief) of all public work of the king in the temple of Amun TT353
jmj-rA gs-pr n nsw overseer (chief) of the royal business Sarcophagus
jmj-rA gs-pr n Hwt overseer (chief) of the works or factories of the temple
(possibly, this concerns the  temple of Hatshepsut; this may also true for the following titles)
Sarcophagus
jmj-rA gs-prw overseer (chief) of the works or factories  Sarcophagus
jmj-Xnt chamberlain BM 1513
jrj nfr-HAt guardian of the royal diadem Statue Sheikh Labib
it-mno' wr n sAt-nsw Hnwt-tAwj Hmt-nTr Nfrw-ro' great male nurse (tutor) of the King's Daughter, Lady of the Two Lands, God's Wife Neferu-Ra BM 1513
wr mDw Cmow MHw One of the 10 Great of Lower Egypt TT353
rA P nb speaker of the people from Buto TT353, Sarcophagus
rA NXn Hm-nTr Mo't speaker of Hierakonpolis ? CG 579
rA-Hrj First Speaker BM 1513
rpot chief, heir, or hereditary ruler  Amulett, Brooklyn 61.192
rpot m Hwt Gb chief, heir, or hereditary ruler in the House of Geb CG 42114
rpo't HAtjo Feinster /Erster Regent ? BM 174
rX-nsw mAo   CG 579
HAtjo hereditary prince TT353, BM 174, BM 1513
Hm-nTr n Jmn servant or priest of Amun CG 579
Hm-nTr n Jmn-wsr-HAt servant or priest of (the barque) Userhat-Amun TT353, Sarcophagus
Hrj-mrw n Jmn   CG 579
Hrj-sStA m pr-Jmn confidential advisor or trusted councilor in the House of Amun CG42114
Hrj-sStA m pr-dwAt confidential advisor or trusted councilor of the royal Morgenhauses TT353, Sarcophagus
Hrj-sStA m r-prw confidential advisor or trusted councilor ? TT353, CG 579
Hrj-sStA n jmj-wrt confidential advisor or trusted councilor of the "West" TT353, CG 579, Sarcophagus
Hrj-sStA n WADtj confidential advisor or trusted councilor of Nechbet and Uto TT353, Sarcophagus
Hrj-tp m Hwt nt head or chief in the house of god (or temple) Berlin Object 2296
Hrj-tp n soHw-nsw head or chief in the ? TT353
Hrj-tp oA m pr-nsw Großes Oberhaupt im Haus des Königs TT353, TT71
Xrp jAwt nbt nTrt director of all divine offices Chapel Silsila 
Xrp o'H director of the royal palace (private rooms) CG 579
Xrp wrw Cmo'w MHw director of the great of Upper and Lower Egypt  TT353
Xrp wsXt m Hwt-sr director of the "Large Hall" (audience hall in the royal palace) Berlin Object 2296
Xrp wsXt n Jmn director of the hall TT353
Xrp kAt m Jpt-swt director of the buildings at Karnak (Ipet-isut) TT71, Sarcophagus
Xrp kAt nbt nt nsw director of the royal buildings  CG 579
smAtj "r   Statue Sheikh Labib
smr wotj only or unique friend Chapel Silsila, BM 174
sDAwtj-bitj keeper of the royal seal Chapel Silsila, Sehel Grafitto, BM 174
sDtj-nsw royal scholar TT353
Sms-nsw Hr XAswt rjt mHtt jAbt jmntt   CG 579
Abb.: BM = Statue No.; British Museum; CG = Statue No., Museum Cairo

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Copyright: Dr. Karl H. Leser (Iufaa)